Sri Lankan street dogs, also known as Sinhala Hounds, are a native landrace breed with ancient origins tracing back to the Indian Native Dog, possibly linked to Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. These free-roaming "community dogs" are common on the streets but face challenges like malnutrition and mistreatment, though many are cared for by locals through feeding and community support. Initiatives like the Dogstar Foundation and WECare Worldwide are working to improve their welfare through neutering, vaccination, and community education.